Proliferation of arms and security challenges in nigeria. Pdf west africa, the sahel, and north africa are caught between the terrorist presence of the wellestablished alqaeda in islamic maghreb aqim and the new but quickly expanding isil islamic state of iraq and levant. The growing challenges of peace and security in africa. Commitments were made by the heads of states and governments of the african union to double the part of their domestic budgets devoted to agriculture in 20102011, so as to reach 10%. To help readers keep pace with these often fluid issues, the africa center curates a regularly updated list of mustread analyses. Much of this is deep rooted, rather than due to defi ciencies that could readily be addressed. Security takes on different forms and dimensions from one business to another, which means securityinabox solutions may be part of the answer, but rarely are the complete answer to keeping systems and data safe. African security topics africa center for strategic studies. The journal of modern african studies, 53, 4, 505531. Africas contemporary security challenges syllabus washington. African security forces are illequipped to meet these threats. The region is already dependent on grain imports to feed its people, and population growth means the challenge of feeding itself in the coming decades is immense. Much of this is deeprooted, rather than due to deficiencies that could readily be addressed. Maria nzomo a research project submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of master of arts in diplomacy.
The interest of the international community in the danish counterpiracy approach together with its prominent status. African and international responses to these security challenges have been hampered by a. Whilst food production undoubtedly influences food. The nature of violence has changed significantly in west africa since independence the vast majority of armed conflicts in west africa since independence have been intrastate conflicts, marked by 5 largescale civil wars. African migrant flows reshaping security challenges in africa. Postconflict reconstruction and development pcrd and peacebuilding are some of the most important challenges facing. What security challenges face subsaharan africa in 2015. The challenge of stability and security in west africa. While freedom was greeted with euphoria in many places, it could not mask the deep political instability that often accompanied independence.
Using such an approach, the west understands itself as living in a world threatened by hostile opponents, leading to security policy that requires urgent and radical defense. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not represent an endorsement by the africa center. Challenges and opportunities september 2011 background from the 1950s through to the 1970s, decolonization swept across africa. Aspiring partners across the continent are eager to build marketbased economies and enhance stability. In 2012, food insecurity is still a major global concern as 1 billion people are suffering from starvation, under, and malnutrition, and the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao has concluded that we are still far from reaching millennium development goal mdg number 1. West africa is making impressive progress in economic growth, democratization and regional cooperation. African migrant flows reshaping security challenges in africa by the africa center for strategic studies. Africa contains many of the worlds fastest growing economies, which represent potential new markets for u. This brief analyses the main challenges to peace and security in west africa in the past five years and how ecowas has responded to these.
The growing challenges of peace and security in africa dag. Mar 21, 2017 while its difficult to make direct comparisons, the private security industry in south africa with some 9,000 registered companies and more than 400,000 private security guards is among the worlds largest on a percapita basis and employs more than the local police. Understanding that achieving peace and security is a primary condition for an economic integration, ecowas has developped various approachs in resolving crises and overcoming threats within west africa. The report begins by looking at the global context in which social security schemes are now operating and the relevance of social security to the goal of decent work. In view of recent conflicts, by captain ibrahima diaw, 107 pages. Dec 20, 2017 africa remains a continent of promise and enduring challenges. Ecowas and the challenges of human security in west africa. Jan 16, 2015 2014 proved to be a tumultuous year for subsaharan africa. In the new millennium, the incidence of civil wars and largescale conflicts dropped off dramatically, representing a watershed in the political stabilization of the. Besides declining commodity prices, labour union rivalry escalated labour issues, resulting in one of the more prolonged and violent strikes in the countrys history.
African migrants continue to be on the move, with an average. Several challenges have plagued the south african mining industry in particular over the past few years a key driver of the countrys economy. Africa faces a seemingly everincreasing range of security challenges. May 17, 2018 peace and security challenges in southern africa. Boon tubers in africa is the lowest in comparison to the other regions of the world mcgranahm et al 1999. Africa remains a continent of promise and enduring challenges. African and international responses to these security challenges have been hampered by a predominant focus on dealing with ongoing violent conflicts rather than on their prevention and, even more so. Transforming safety and security in southern africa. However, their security forces are not adequate for the more demanding task of preventing the escalation of terrorism. Study of african economies at the university of oxford.
Security threats facing africa and its capacity to respond prism. A few provocative remarks ibrahim farah, sylvia kiamba and kesegofetse mazongo1 at the international symposium on cultural diplomacy in africa strategies to. African and international responses to these security challenges have been hampered by a predominant focus on dealing with ongoing violent conflicts rather than on their prevention and, even more so, postconflict peacebuilding. The dynamism of clandestine african migration flows continues to present criminal and violent extremist groups opportunities for exploitation. The public hearings were hosted in september and october 2014, with the final report published in august 2015. Agroforestry solutions to address food security and climate. National security strategy in a regional context africa u. The challenges of peace and security in africa is also related to the crisis of governance. Respondents varied from government departments, farming interest groups, and unions. Ecow as response to challenges of human security in we st africa there are many policy responses from ecow as which seeks to address and promote the challenges of human security in the subregion. Much of this is deeprooted, rather than due to defi.
The concept of human security has received widespread attraction from scholars of security studies and international relations. Climate change likely will make it even more difficult. This network has taken advantage of the chaos and disorder in libya to establish a province there. There has been significant innovation and creative problem solving, which has been pivotal in meeting the continents peace and security challenges. Africas contemporary security challenges acsc africa. Postconflict reconstruction and development pcrd and peacebuilding are some of the most important challenges facing african countries emerging from conflicts. State of peace and security in africa 2018 africa portal.
Agroforestry solutions to address food security and. The challenges of food security executive summary 4 1. As african security challenges evolve, governments require personnel with current and indepth understanding of the continents complex security environment and the key actors, policies, and programs that influence it. Subsaharan africas future challenges 20180921 world grain. Climate change and food security challenges can be eased through trees in the landscape. The security challenges will be more multiple and diverse, and it follows that the solutions should be as well. Engagement by andre le sage own intelligence, law enforcement, and special operations personnel to africa to address terrorist and criminal dynamics that pose a direct and immediate threat to u.
West africa security challenges and resilience is developed by wanep to provide analysis and insights to the socioeconomic, political and humanitarian dynamics in west africa within a twelve 12 month timeline based on data and reports from its national early warning systems news. Peacekeeping in africa and the challenge of transnational armed rebellions, in. The drivers of conflict and violence include young populations, high unemployment, lack of equal opportunities, urbanization, poverty, inequality, too many guns, and bad governance and corruption. Apr 19, 2012 the african challenge indeed is key to mitigating food insecurity in the world. Subsaharan africa has only slowly tackled problems of undernourishment and moved toward food security, although the outlook varies widely from country to country. While the recent rise in violence and conflict as well as drug trafficking, piracy, extremism and other emerging threats have sparked concerns over its future development, efforts to prevent conflicts have also improved, contributing to overall stability. Main successes of the au in peace and security, challenges. Dealing with new security threats in africa giga german institute. A frica is currently facing two entirely distinct security threats, one from the rise of radical islam, the other from increased natural resource extraction. In all four situations the islamic terrorism is a spillover from failing neighbouring coun. Food and food security, urban and urbanization challenges, agricultural policies, climate change and insecurity introduction the issue of food security has been on the front burner for long and statements about several countries in africa that are food. In nigeria, the trade in small arms and light weapons has been on the increase since the end of the nigerian civil war.
A number of challenges face the continent in the 21st century. Surveying the current state of the peace and security landscape in africa is a complex task. Ipi is pleased to introduce a new series of working papers on regional capacities to respond to security challenges in africa. Governing intelligence in the south african transition, and possible lessons for africa, sandra africa. National security strategy in a regional context africa. Technical solutions exist and there are indeed, throughout africa, good examples.
While security challenges have shifted since the cold war, the way in which threats in africa are framed remains entrenched in traditional or mainstream security thinking. East africa to establish a discussion platform for a broader agenda on maritime security and development in africa. Conflict and insecurity flared up across the continent, with the situation particularly precarious in the sahel region, as well as parts of west and central africa, where weak to nonexistent state authority precipitated intrastate conflicts with dire humanitarian consequences. Security has to evolve to meet todays sophisticated threats. The broad range of united nations, african union, and subregional peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding initiatives in africa underscore a new sense of multilayered partnership in the.
Pdf security challenges in west africa, 2010 issaka. The traditional threats of civil and border conflicts, crises of governance and military coups may have receded but they remain active. Consequently, somalia has become safe haven for the proliferation of internal and external terrorist groups. Current policy frameworks could benefit from greater synergy, aligned with current practice. Sophie desmidt and volker hauck, conflict management under the african peace and. The broad range of united nations, african union, and subregional peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding initiatives in africa underscore a. Violence and coercion became a common means of changing. Taken together, these factors have created grievances and opportunities for violence that have changed the nature of security threats in africa. Challenges and prospects africa training and research centre in administration and development kwesianing. I then turn to africas military capacity, tracing its limitations to underlying motivations. Dowd, caitriona 2015, grievances, governance and islamist violence in subsaharan africa, in. Cybercriminals target people inside and outside their national boundaries and most african governments have neither the technical, nor the.
Engagement by andre le sage own intelligence, law enforcement, and spe cial operations personnel to. Pdf ecowas and the challenges of human security in west africa. In subsaharan africa, the number of people suffering. Political crises associated with transitions and the challenge of state and nationbuilding are still the main sources of insecurity on the continent. Proliferation of arms and security challenges in nigeria soetan, stephen olayiwola department of history and international studies, ekiti state university, ado ekiti, nigeria. Regulating private military and security companies. Without neglecting other issues that could be considered as security threats, and without attempting any hierarchical ordering of these threats, the paper focuses on the following six major issues. Current threats to national security and development in. In west africa however, the preoccupation of ecowas for long has been on efforts to save the collapse of state structures. Africas security environment is characterized by great diversity. Understanding five key challenges to security, compliance.
A speech delivered on the occasion of the 2015 kofi annandag. Eradicating extreme poverty, promoting sustainable consumption and production, and managing the planets natural resource base for the benefit of all are the overarching challenges of sustainable development. Security threats and challenges to maritime supply chains. Security threats and challenges to maritime supply chains political will on the part of states to fight piracy, poor socioeconomic conditions pressurizing local populations to commit piracy for survival, inadequate military capability to respond, and the absence of a robust legal system to prosecute despite laws against piracy pirates have. Major challenges facing africa in the 21st century. Africas contemporary security challenges provides participants with an analytical and strategic framework for their work, and understanding of current and emerging security.
From the submissions, the following challenges were highlighted. Trees inside and outside forests contribute to food security in africa in the face of climate variability and change. This network has taken advantage of the chaos and disorder in. The role of refugees in kenya kilonzo syombwii natariana r51746052014 supervisor amb.
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